Tam sim no, kev tsim cov champignons thiab cov kab noj hu ua oyster yog qhov nrov heev thiab cov lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig. Cov khoom lag luam zoo tau txais los ntawm cov kab mob zoo thiab ntshiab kab lis kev cai ntawm mycelium, uas, yog tias xav tau, tuaj yeem nqa tawm hauv tsev. Cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws hauv tsab xov xwm teb cov lus nug ntawm seb mycelium yog li cas thiab yuav ua li cas cob nws.
Dab tsi yog nceb mycelium thiab nws cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm
Mycelium los yog nws lwm lub npe, mycelium - lub cev tsis dua ntawm fungi (thallus) - yog ib qhov system ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws filaments lossis hyphae. Thallus tau muab faib ua ob hom:
- av tuajtsim los txuas rau substrate thiab thauj cov as-ham thiab dej;
- huab cuasib sau cov plab hnyuv siab raum ntawm kev ua me nyuam sab saum npoo ntawm substrate.
Lub network ntawm hyphae, sib sau thallus, hauv cov xwm txheej zoo tuaj yeem sib kis tau ntev mus. Koj tuaj yeem pom cov plexuses hauv cov av nrog lub qhov muag liab qab, lawv zoo li lub paj dawb tawg paj.
Lub mycelium ua ntau cov haujlwm tseem ceeb:
- txhawb nqa txuas ntawm yam muaj sia rau cov substrates zoo;
- nrog kev pab ntawm cov enzymes, nws ua tiav cellulose, tau los ntawm nws cov tshuaj muaj rau kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob;
- muaj txoj haujlwm kev yoog rau ib puag ncig;
- koom nrog kev txhim kho hauv sporulation thiab muaj lub luag haujlwm rau kev saib xyuas qhov teeb meem tshwm sim.
Mycelium yog ib qho tseem ceeb hloov khoom nruab nrog, ntxiv rau nws txoj kev thauj khoom thiab khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig, nws yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov khoom noj tsis ntxiv ntawm kev muaj sia.
Cov hom myceliums thiab seb lawv saib zoo li cas
Nws muaj 7 hom vegetative lub cev:
- Zaj duab xis, muaj qhov sib ntawm lub teeb, nruj nreem woven hyphae ntawm qhov ntau thiab tsawg. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog muab tso rau hauv substrate thiab tau txais cov as-ham los ntawm cellulose.
- Qaum, tsim vim muaj kev lees paub ntawm hyphae thiab yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov ntawv sau thiab kis ntawm fungi vim muaj zog ceg.
- Rhizomorphs yog cov xaim hluav taws xob zoo li cov xov ntawm cov xov ntawm cov xim sib txawv, uas txiav txim siab qhov tsis kam ntawm cov khoom muaj sia mus rau qhov tsis zoo ib puag ncig.
- Rhizoctonia, suav nrog kev ua nyias thiab airy filamentous tsub zuj zuj ntawm hyphae thiab kev pabcuam rau kev ua kom sib luag thiab sib kis ntawm cov kab mob.
- Sclerotia tsim los ntawm nruj nruj thiab sib txuam sib zog xov. Zoo li rhizomorphs, nws pab tau los ua lub zog tiv kev nyob.
- Stroma yog tsim nyob rau hauv qhov chaw sib tiv tauj nrog cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm cov tswv tsev cog qoob loo, nruj nreem fused nrog nws, thiab npaj siab los tiv thaiv fungal spores.
- Txiv hmab txiv ntoo lub cev yog qhov chaw tsim thiab ua tiav ntawm fungal spores.
Yog li, mycelium yog ib qho kev tsim tshwj xeeb uas koom nrog kev sib kis, khoom noj khoom haus thiab rov tawm ntawm cov hu ua fungi.
Vim li cas thiaj tau mycelium
Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm thallus cultivation yog sau cov nceb noj tau... Sai li cov neeg paub tias hyphae pawg ua cov haujlwm ntawm kev ua me nyuam, lawv tau pib siv qhov chaw ntawm cov tsiaj qus nceb rau kev yug me nyuam hauv tsev. Tab sis xws li cov khoom lag luam tsis tawm suab siab.
Sij hawm dhau mus, tau npaj siab rau sau cov qoob loo ntshiab kom nce lawv cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev cia siab. Qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 nyob hauv Fabkis nws tau mus muab tau cov nceb kab lis kev cai, zus ntawm cov tshwj xeeb sterile substrate.
Lub mycelium zus qhia cov yam ntxwv kev loj hlob zoo. Siv cov thev naus laus zis ntawm kev tau thallus hauv chav kuaj mob, nws tau los ua cov nceb cog rau ntawm kev lag luam nplai.
Yuav ua li cas kom tau txais mycelium zoo
Ua ntej koj pib cog cov nceb, koj yuav tsum nrhiav qhov twg kom tau mycelium los ntawm. Qhov siab zoo ntawm mycelium tau txais hauv chaw soj nstuam... Xws li cov khoom lag luam tuaj yeem raug yuav hauv cov khw muag khoom tshwj xeeb nrog kev txheeb xyuas zoo.
Yog tias qhov xav tau, mycelium tuaj yeem cog rau hauv tsev ntawm koj tus kheej, tau npaj kev npaj dej tiav, ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig ib puag ncig thiab huv. Nws yog qhov zoo heev rau qhov kev coj ua no.
Qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom tau txais kev ua tiav cov nceb loj hauv tsev yog ua raws li kev ntsuas kub, lub teeb pom kev zoo thiab huv.
Txais mycelium nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev cog qoob loo novice, vim tias nws ua rau nws tuaj yeem sim cov txheej txheem ntawm cov pob me me thiab tsis muaj tus nqi siab.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev siv tshuab loj
Cov thev naus laus zis ntawm thev naus laus zis rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev sib tua champignons, oyster nceb, zib ntab agarics koom nrog kev ua kom tiav ntawm ntau cov txheej txheem.
Thawj txheej txheem kom tau txais kev coj noj coj ua dawb huv los ntawm spores champignon yog tseem siv dav rau kev cog qoob loo siab zoo mycelium, hu ua uterine. Txoj kev no tso cai rau koj kom cog qoob loo ntshiab, muaj zog uas muab cov qoob loo zoo thiab muaj tus yam ntxwv zoo.
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov nceb cog thaum nce lub uterine thallus yog tswj cov mob aseptic, thiaj li tsis mus kis kab lis kev cai nrog cov kab mob me me tuaj hauv ib puag ncig. Ua raws li cov cai no tau lees tias muaj cov khoom zoo nrog kev saj zoo.
Lub noob qes lossis ib feem ntawm lub cev txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog cog rau ntawm ib txheej substrate, uas yog nruab nrab cov khoom noj tsis muaj zog wort agar, oat lossis zaub ntug hauv av agar.
Cov xov xwm tau npaj rau hauv cov ntawv xeem, thiab tom qab lawv tau ua tiav, cov kab lis kev cai tau qhia nyob ntawd nrog qhov ntsuas twj ywm, uas tuaj yeem yog xaim lossis knitting koob nrog lub voj ntawm qhov kawg. Txhawm rau tswj kom tsis muaj menyuam, txhua qhov kev ntxias yog ua dhau hluav taws.
Cov hlab ntim tau muab ntim nrog cov npliag-paj rwb-khi tes nres thiab khaws ntawm qhov kub tas li txog 24 degrees tsis pub dhau 2 lub lis piam kom txog thaum tsim kom muaj mycelium tag nrho. Cov kab lis kev cai hauv kab lus hauv cov tub ntxhais ntsuas tuaj yeem khaws cia ntev ntev ntawm qhov kub 1-2 qib nrog cov ntu rov qab (ib zaug ib xyoos) kom tswj cov khoom zoo ntawm mycelium.
Cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog muab noob los ntawm nplooj lwg lossis lis mycelium. Cov nplooj lwg zoo tshaj plaws yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom xyaw hauv qab no:
- quav tsiaj, nyiam dua nees los yog nyuj;
- quav cab;
- gypsum;
- ib daig ntawm chalk;
- urea;
- superphosphate;
- alabaster hmoov nplej.
Yooj yim rau siv raws li lub substrate npaj mus zes... Nws muab tso rau hauv peb-liter poom rau 2/3 ntawm lub ntim, ib qho kev nyuaj siab yog tsim nyob hauv nruab nrab, cov kaus poom tau dov nrog lub hau hlau nrog qhov ntev 2-3 cm ntawm qhov nruab nrab. Lub qhov yog ntim nrog lub paj rwb-gauze stopper thiab cov thawv ntim yog sterilized.
Raws li cov mob aseptic, lub uterine mycelium yog cog rau hauv kev nyuaj siab hauv cov nplooj lwg los ntawm lub qhov ntawm lub hau, uas yog kaw dua tom qab qhov kawg ntawm cov txheej txheem. Kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov noob mycelium yog nqa tawm tib txoj kev ntawm lub uterine.
Rau qhov nceb nyob hauv tsev, nws yooj yim kom tau txais grain mycelium... Rau qhov no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom npaj cov nplej:
- Boil cov nplej hauv dej hauv qhov sib piv ntawm 1: 1.5 rau 30-60 feeb thiab txias nws.
- Qhuav lub grain thiab muab tso rau hauv lub rhawv lossis polypropylene hnab, ib nrab puv.
- Sterilize cov ntaub ntawv npaj.
- Sow mycelium, raws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm compost.
Kev coj noj coj ua dawb huv muaj qhov pom ntawm dawb nplaim tawg tsis muaj xim ntsuab lossis xim av. Qhov npaj txhij-ua sowing mycelium yog siv los cog sau ntawm nceb ntawm substrates.
Kev tsim khoom ntawm mycelium zoo xav tau qee qhov kev txawj thiab ua tib zoo npaj ntawm cov xwm txheej. Yog li ntawd, ua ntej tau nqis mus rau kev lag luam, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los mus sim ua ib qhov me me ntawm cov qoob loo thiab sau thawj cov qoob loo. Cov kev tau dhau los yuav pab tau zoo heev thiab yuav tso cai rau koj los soj ntsuam txhua qhov zoo thiab qhov pom zoo ntawm kev tsim qhov nceb.